
In
a unique partnership, the British Museum and the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew have
conjured up a stunning China landscape in the forecourt of the British Museum
this summer. The landscape celebrates the two institutions' shared vision to
strengthen cultural understanding and support biodiversity conservation across
the world. The experts at Kew have selected and provided the plants and design, the
British Museum has provided curatorial expertise and the location. The landscape
follows on from the successful Africa Garden created in 2005, and future
collaborative projects are planned.
Inspired by the collections of both Kew and the British Museum, the landscape
reveals some of the connections between China’s natural habitat and its
culture. Trees, shrubs and flowers are both cultural symbols and resources, used
for building materials, food, drink, clothing and medicine. The landscape is a celebration of natural beauty and the bounty it provides. Visitors
are able to wander around the fragrant trails of wisteria (Wisteria sinensis),
admire the beautiful White Mulberry (Morus alba) and historic handkerchief tree
(Davidia involucrata), whilst also absorbing a strong conservation and
sustainability message.
Most of the plants selected by the experts at Kew are native to the mountains
of Sichuan province in south-west China and have been chosen for both their
natural beauty and for the active role they play in China’s cultural identity.
The landscape features an example of a maidenhair tree (Ginkgo biloba), the
only surviving member of the ancient group of plants which was widespread at the
same time as the dinosaurs, 180-200 million years ago. They have only been saved
from extinction through cultivation and today provide a range of medicinal
benefits; they are used for treating chronic coughs and asthma and leaf extracts
are used to treat circulatory problems and memory loss.
Conservation is a strong theme in the landscape. The handkerchief tree (Davidia
involucrata) is beautiful but also vulnerable in the wild; in 1899, an amateur
British botanist in China alerted Kew to the alarming impact that the charcoal
industry was having on the forests of Yunnan province, home of the handkerchief
tree. Although now widespread in cultivation as an ornamental, thanks to
botanists and horticulturalists worldwide, the handkerchief tree (Davidia
involucrata) continues to be classified as a rare tree in the wild.
Visitors are also able to learn about the economic properties of plants
in this beautiful landscape. Bamboo (notably Phyllostachys aurea and P.
nigra)
is one of the fastest-growing plants on earth and treated bamboo is strong and
lightweight. In China it is used to make everything from chopsticks, hats and
musical instruments to houses, bridges and scaffolding. Its fibres are used for
paper, fabric and medicine. The young shoots are edible, the sap is made into
sweet wine and the leaves are used as food wrappers. Bamboo features in Chinese
culture as a symbol of integrity and outstanding character, it bends in the wind
but never breaks. A lacquer tree (Rhus verniciflua) is also on display.
These are cultivated for their sap, which is used to make a durable coating
called lacquer. Lacquer can be polished to a high gloss, and the sap can be
coloured by adding the mineral cinnabar or carbon black to make red and black.
The seeds and leaves are used in Chinese medicine to treat internal parasites
and to stop bleeding
China is famous for its classical scholar’s gardens – picturesque places
suited for social gatherings and silent contemplation. This tradition is reflected in the landscape by the inclusion of a trellis, a scholar’s rock
that symbolically evokes the power of a mountain, and a rock inscribed with
calligraphy - because no Chinese landscape is complete without a touch of poetry.
The landscape also directs visitors to the Museum’s Chinese collections,
where it is possible to see some of the plants used to make objects (lacquer and
bamboo) or to see them as art motifs (chrysanthemums, willow trees and peonies)
depicted on a range of ceramic objects. A huge contemporary rock sculpture by
the artist Zhan Wang, on display in the Great Court, complements the garden
alongside the temporary exhibition ‘Fascination with Nature’ in room 91,
featuring wonderful examples of Chinese nature paintings.
After the closure of the landscape on 26th October, Camden Council will relocate many of the
plants to Brunswick Square and Kew Gardens as a lasting legacy of the China
Landscape. The Landscape is in association with China Now.
Labels: China, museums